Physics Calculators
Physics governs everything from falling objects to sound waves. Our 15 physics calculators help students, engineers, and science enthusiasts solve problems across classical mechanics, energy, waves, and fluid dynamics. Calculate projectile trajectories, determine kinetic and potential energy, analyze momentum in collisions, find wave properties, or explore buoyancy and friction. Each tool uses standard physics formulas with clear inputs and instant results.
Mechanics & Motion
Force, acceleration, projectile motion, momentum, and friction.
Projectile Motion Calculator
Calculate range, height, and flight time for projectile trajectories.
Acceleration Calculator
Find acceleration from velocity change, force, or distance.
Force Calculator
Calculate force using Newton's second law: F = m x a.
Momentum Calculator
Calculate linear momentum and analyze collision outcomes.
Friction Calculator
Calculate static and kinetic friction forces from normal force.
Pendulum Calculator
Find period, frequency, and length for a simple pendulum.
Energy & Work
Kinetic energy, potential energy, work, power, and spring constants.
Kinetic Energy Calculator
Calculate the energy of motion from mass and velocity.
Potential Energy Calculator
Calculate gravitational potential energy from mass and height.
Work & Energy Calculator
Calculate work done by a force over a distance.
Power Calculator (Physics)
Calculate power as the rate of work or energy transfer.
Spring Constant Calculator
Find spring constant, force, or displacement using Hooke's law.
Waves & Fluids
Wave properties, Doppler effect, density, and buoyancy.
Wave Calculator
Calculate wavelength, frequency, period, and wave speed.
Doppler Effect Calculator
Calculate observed frequency for moving sources and observers.
Density Calculator
Calculate density, mass, or volume from the other two values.
Buoyancy Calculator
Calculate buoyant force and determine if an object floats or sinks.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I calculate projectile motion?
Projectile motion involves two independent components: horizontal (constant velocity) and vertical (accelerated by gravity). Given initial velocity and launch angle, you can calculate range, maximum height, and flight time. Our projectile motion calculator uses the standard kinematic equations, accounting for launch angle and initial speed to show trajectory, range, peak height, and time of flight.
What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, calculated as KE = 0.5 x mass x velocity squared. Potential energy is stored energy due to position, with gravitational PE = mass x gravity x height. Energy is conserved — as an object falls, potential energy converts to kinetic energy. Our calculators let you compute both types and see how they relate.
How is momentum calculated and why is it important?
Momentum equals mass times velocity (p = mv). It is a conserved quantity in closed systems, meaning total momentum before and after a collision remains the same. This principle is fundamental to analyzing collisions, rocket propulsion, and many other physical systems. Our momentum calculator handles both single objects and collision scenarios.
What is the Doppler effect and how does it work?
The Doppler effect is the change in frequency of a wave when the source and observer are moving relative to each other. When they approach, the observed frequency increases; when they recede, it decreases. This explains why a siren sounds higher-pitched as it approaches. Our Doppler effect calculator computes observed frequency for any combination of source and observer velocities.